Physical Therapy for Neck and Shoulder Pain in Lactating Women: A Narrative Review of Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Ergonomic Intervention Strategies

Paper ID : 1036-IPTCCU.

Authors

Yara Mokhtar Abd ellatif *1, Doaa A. Osman2, Hossam eldien Hussin Kamal2, Elham Shahat Hassan3 12 2Cairo university 3Cairo

Abstract

Background: Lactation induces substantial musculoskeletal and hormonal changes that can precipitate neck and shoulder pain in postpartum women. Sustained forward-leaning posture during breastfeeding, combined with repetitive upper-limb movements and hormonal ligament laxity, increases strain on the cervical spine and periscapular muscles. Epidemiological data show that up to 65–75% of lactating women report new-onset neck or shoulder discomfort within the first two months postpartum. Objective: This review aims to synthesize recent evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of neck and shoulder pain in lactating women, with an emphasis on posture, hormonal influences, and ergonomic-based exercise programs. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2018 and March 2025. Search terms included "lactation," "breastfeeding," "neck pain," "shoulder pain," "posture," and "ergonomic intervention." A total of 1,237 records were identified, and 36 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening. Data extraction focused on study design, assessment tools, interventions, and outcomes. Quality appraisal was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Results: Lactating women frequently experience moderate to severe neck and shoulder discomfort, which can interfere with daily activities and caregiving. Non-neutral feeding postures and hormonal laxity were identified as major contributors. Evidence supports that ergonomic interventions combined with targeted exercises significantly reduce pain and improve breastfeeding success. Conclusion: Neck and shoulder pain is a prevalent but modifiable condition in lactating women. Integrating ergonomic education and structured physical therapy into postpartum care can prevent musculoskeletal problems

Keywords

Keywords: lactation, neck pain, shoulder pain, breastfeeding posture, ergonomic intervention, postpartum exercise.

Status: Accepted